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TCM TERMINOLOGY - Glossary of the terms used in Traditional Chinese Medicine - To understand TCM, you must know the Terminology


TCM or Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been practiced for over 4,000 years,  offers the world superb medical care for the human body.  

TCM works with the human body to strengthen, improve, and help the body overcome almost any condition.

That is a huge difference from Traditional Modern Western Medicine which seems to always work against the body by using the following three techniques -- "Cut it", "Kill it", or "Cover it up" -- which can cause the body to respond with all kinds of side effects and other bad results.

But in using TCM, it is important to not let yourself be mislead by the "TERMINOLGY" of TCM.  For example, very simple terms, such as the word "blood", mean one thing in English, but it means something very different in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine).

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Blood - (Xue)
Blood is a Substance that nourishes; moistens; and houses the Shen.


Blood deficiency 
Blood is described as deficient when through weakness it can no longer carry out its basic functions. Blood deficiency leads to symptoms such as dry skin, insomnia, dizziness, numbness, scanty periods, poor memory and anxiety.


Blood stagnation
This is a term used when the Blood is "stuck" and unable to move properly. It can cause symptoms such as blood clots, purple veins or severe, fixed, stabbing pain.


Body fluids - (Jin ye)
Jin ye is one of the Substances. Jin is body fluids that are thin,light, clear and watery and go to skin and muscles. Ye are body fluids that are turbid, heavy and dense and that moisten joints, spine, brain, bone marrow and sense organs.


Central Qi
Qi of the Stomach and Spleen.


Cold
A climatic cause of disease which can manifest with symptoms such as aversion to cold, cold limbs, contraction of the tendons, thin watery clear fluid discharges and severe pain relieved by warmth and aggravated by cold.


Constitutional factor - (CF)
See Five Element Constitutional Types.


Constitutional types
See Five Element Constitutional Types.


Channels / Meridians
Lines of energy flowing through the body. Also called Jing-luo.


Damp
A climatic cause of disease which can manifest with symptoms such as aversion to damp or humidity, heavy limbs, heavy head, no appetite, a stuffy feeling in chest or epigastrium, recurrent dirty discharges or secretions and/or depressions.


Dryness
A climatic cause of disease which can manifest with symptoms such as a dry throat, dry mouth, dry nose, dry lips, dry skin, dry stools and/or scanty urination.


Empty condition
An empty condition occurs when there is no pathogenic factor and one of the organs is deficient, weak or empty.


Essence - (Jing)
A Substance stored in the Kidneys, responsible for birth, growth, reproduction and development.


Five Elements
Five Element theory describes the energy of the world as occurring in five phases or Elements:
Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water.
The theory is used in many contexts, but in Chinese medicine it is the basis for determining constitutional types.


Five Element Constitutional Types
Using Five Element theory, the patient's longest standing imbalance is diagnosed as one of the Five Elements, that is:
Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal or Water.
The person is then described as, for example, a Wood CF (constitutional factor).


Full condition
When a pathogenic factor has invaded, then there is something to get rid of or expel. This is a full condition.


Gu Qi
Qi from the food we eat.


Heart functions
Some important functions of the Heart are: to "house" the Spirit and to circulate the Blood.


Heat
A climatic cause of disease which can manifest with symptoms such as an aversion to heat, sweating, dark-scanty urine, headache, dry lips, and thirst.


Jing-luo
See Channels/Meridians.


Jing Qi
See Essence.


Jin Ye
See Body fluids.


Kidney functions
Some important functions of the Kidneys are: to store "Jing" or constitutional Qi and to control the water functions in the body.


Liver functions
Some important functions of the Liver are: to allow the Qi to flow smoothly throughout the body and to "store" the Blood.


Lung functions
Some important functions of the Lungs are: to control our ability to breath and take in Qi via the Lungs and to control the skin and body hair.


Meridians
See Channels/Meridians


Mind-Spirit - (Shen)
A Substance that is housed by the Heart Blood and is responsible for sleep; thinking; memory; consciousness; and it controls the other spirits.


Organs
In Chinese medicine the name of the organs are the same as those used in Western medicine, but the functions are different.


Pathogenic Factors
Pathogenic Factors are based on external climates that invade the body and cause a full condition. The various types of pathogenic factor are:
Wind, Damp, Cold, Dryness, Heat, and Fire.
Although they are said to invade the body, they are sometimes internally generated.


Phlegm
Phlegm arises from stagnation of the body fluids. It can cause symptoms such as mucous in the lungs, nodules on joints, kidney or gall stones and/or lumps under the skin. If it blocks the Heart orifices it can cause some forms of mental illness.


Qi
Usually translated as "energy", Qi moves, transforms, protect, holds, and warms everything in our body.
See also Yuan Qi, Gu Qi, Zong Qi, Zhen Qi, Ying Qi, Wei Qi, Zheng Qi, Xie Qi, Central Qi.


Qi deficiency
When the Qi is deficient it can no longer perform the functions listed under "Qi". Symptoms of general weakness and tiredness will arise. Symptoms specific to the organ that has become deficient will also manifest.


Qi stagnation
A description of the qi when it is available, but not moving properly. Typical symptoms are mood swings, depression, and problems that come and go. Qi stagnation is often improved with movement or massage.


Shen
See Mind-Spirit.


Spleen functions
Some important functions of the Spleen are: to transform and move food, drink and our thoughts, to rule over all digestive functions, and to keep the Blood in the blood vessels.


Spirit
The Chinese describe the Spirit as the part of us which is responsible for our overall sense of purpose and identity. A "settled" spirit also allows us to think clearly and have good concentration, memory and sleep.


Stomach function
One important function of the Stomach is to digest or "rot and ripen" food and drink.


Substances
The Chinese view a person as being made up of various vital substances. The most important are called the "Three Treasures": 
Essence or Jing, Qi, and Shen.
The other two are Blood and Body Fluids.
(All are defined above in this glossary.)


Traditional Chinese Medicine - (TCM)
This is the term used by the Chinese to cover the synthesis of Chinese medicine created after the cultural revolution. Under Communism, the more spiritual aspects of Chinese medicine were not emphasised.


Wei Qi
Flows on the surface of the body between the skin and muscles, protects the body.


Wind
A climatic cause of disease which can manifest as rapidly changing symptoms, symptoms which move around, symptoms which affect the top part of the body and ones which affect the Lung first. Other manifestations can be itching, tremors, convulsions and/or numbness.


Xie Qi
Invading Pathogenic Factor or Evil or Illness Qi.


Xue
See Blood.


Yang
More active energy. Some yang qualities are heat, dryness, movement, and an upward direction.


Yin
More passive energy. Some yin qualities are coldness, wetness, stillness and sinking down.


Ying Qi
Flows in the Channels inside the body, nourishes the Organs.


Yin / Yang balance
Yin and Yang are qualities of energy. They are opposites and constantly interact and balance each other. When out of balance they cause disharmony in the body, mind, and spirit, leading to illness.


Yuan Qi
Active and dynamically employed Jing.


Zhen Qi
Final stage of transformation of Qi, divides into Ying and Wei Qi.


Zheng Qi
Upright/healthy Qi.


Zong Qi
Qi of the chest


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